Inside the panel of applications, these nanoparticles are used on a large scale as food additives. The same report suggested that, by 2023, up to 50% TiO 2 might be manufactured in nanoform. Since last decade, nearly 6 million tons of TiO 2 was produced worldwide as a pigment and the percentage of nano-TiO 2 was close to 5% of the total production. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) are mostly used in a large panel of applications such as the manufacture of plastics, as adjuvant in pharmaceutical pills composition they are also widely used as bleaching agents in the paper industry, in the production of paints, cosmetics, sunscreens, and toothpastes. Nanomaterials vary in size from 1 to 100 nm. IntroductionĬurrently, the use of nanotechnology, including nanoparticles, has dramatically increased in different fields such as medicine, cosmetics, energy, chemical, and textile industries. This metabonomic pattern testifies an oxidative stress as well as renal and hepatic alterations. The metabonomic approach allowed us to detect modifications in urine samples already detectable after 4 days in animals treated at the lowest dose. Enzymatic markers of liver and kidney functions (such as AST and uric acid) are also disrupted only in animals exposed to highest doses. Kupffer cells are also the site of an important oxidative stress following the massive internalization of TiO 2 nanoparticles.
These cells were the site of an oxidative stress evidenced by immunocytochemical detection of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). In the liver, these alterations mainly affect the hepatocytes located around the centrilobular veins. The nanoparticles induced morphological and physiological alterations in liver and kidney. Dosage of TiO 2 in tissues was performed by ICP-AES and revealed an important accumulation of TiO 2 in the liver. In the present study, rats were exposed to different doses of TiO 2 nanoparticles and sacrificed, respectively, 4 days, 1 month, and 2 months after treatment. Despite the wide ranges of uses, there is a lack of information on the impact of NPs on animal and human health. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles (NPs) are produced abundantly and are frequently used as a white pigment in the manufacture of paints, foods, paper, and toothpaste.
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